Iraq...
I have received many comments on this subject and discussed the issue of Iraq and the wider war on terror with friends and colleagues, many of whom are directly affected by military service or professional interest. Chiefly the issue of whether Western Powers were right to go to war to topple Saddam Hussein, and what to do now. I have been a supporter of the US's strategy in the middle east, though not necessarily of its tactics.
Many people's take on this is coloured by their opinions on George Bush, who was thought by most of the world to be an Idiot and this view was held way before 9/11. Rational discussion of these issues with those on the left is therefore futile. However the reactionary right is no better, and seeks to defend what is a difficult position, and often defend the Rumsfeld, Pearle, Wolfowitz and Co. when they are clearly being arrogant and counterproductive.
Despite the ambiguous legal and moral position of the Invasion,
The Strategic rationale for the conflict was compelling:
The lack of opportunity that characterizes the lives of many young men of the region breeds terrorism. So does poverty - at the right level. Absolute poverty means people are too interested in raw survival to dabble in politics. If the bottom rung of the hierarchy of needs is met, as in the islamo-socialist states of the middle-east, then the middle class and those aspiring to join it look for influence, both spiritually and politically. This is where disaffection runs deepest. Young men with some education, a bit of money and a deep sense of indignation are more likely to blow themselves up in London or New York. This is the socio-economic group which has spawned revolutions since the early 20th Century, and the one which is enjoying a population boom in the middle east at the moment. Thus since the 1970's the Arab world has been exporting young men in a terrorist asymmetric war on the West. Typically these are well educated young men, with a bit of cash. The disease of Political islamism is spreading virrulently amongst this demographic.
This culminated in 9/11 and the U.S.A said "enough". Afghanistan was the immediate source and was dealt with efficiently, though not completely, as current actions in Helmand demonstrate. Iraq, however was symptomatic of the deeper malaise affecting the region. The kind of regime whose citizens became terrorists. Relatively affluent, but with little economic or political freedom and a corrupt and violent regime. Though Iraqis were not deeply implicated in terrorism against the west, they certainly were against Israel. Furthermore, Iraq was in serial breech of Security Council resolutions, and a thorn in the side of western relations with the Arab world.
I never bought the "Weapons of Mass Destruction" justification, neither did I buy into the notion that Iraq was as serious a sponsor of terrorism as the Mullahs next door. But Given Iraq's geography and Alienation (few outside the Quai d'Orsay would weep for the Baathist regime) it was a the only chance to change the political culture of the Middle-East. The theory being that the fruits of Liberal Democracy and the Rule of Law would become so self-evident that the region would free itself and cease exporting suicide bombers after a generation or so. The Democratic Domino theory. So regime change was the real reason for going to war. Saddam was a Nasty Bastard who deserved the chop. His downfall would persuade other Nasty bastards in the region to liberalise and this would end terrorism, in time. Dictatorships rarely fall apart without outside help, thus "regime change" was the strategic rationale for the war.
There are ancillary benefits to this strategy - not least that a democratic Iraq would provide bases for US troops to keep an eye on Iran and Syria - necessary since the expulsion of US forces from Saudi Arabia. Iraq's oil would be available via pipeline to Turkey and keep the price down. This last one is seen by many on the left as the real rationale for the war. It isn't. If the USA needed the oil that badly, it could have just bought it - Saddam was an adherent of RealPolitik and could have been cut a deal. That would have been much cheaper than war. So any "It was all about the oil" comments will be treated with the derision they deserve.
Given the potential benefits of this policy, it was worth the risk.
I cannot conceive an American president who didn't take action in the gulf in 2003. Clinton, Gore or Kerry would certainly have taken similar action.
Did we have the Right to go to war?
Given the attitude of France (veto - come what may) a second resolution was impossible. Previous resolutions seemed to give adequate legal justification for action at any time. So I agree with the attorney General's view that a second resolution was desirable but not strictly necessary.
There is a second issue: Namely whether a government has the right to send the Troops into an unpopular war. Here I am in two minds. The public in these issues rarely has all the information, and we elect governments to make the hard decisions. The decision to commit troops to battle, therefore should remain in the hands of elected politicians, not the mob and certainly not the judiciary, though the opinions of these estates should not be ignored by the government when making the decision. Hundreds of thousands of people marching under banners helpfully provided by the Socialist Workers' Party (AKA the "stop the war coalition") were outnumbered by millions who chose not to attend the rally. Indeed the government that took us to war subsequently won an election (albeit a flawed one) so the popular mood against the war may have been broad, but it certainly wasn't deep.
Given that war is always a political desision in the national interest, there's no legal or moral obstacle to the war.
Why has it gone so Horribly wrong?
There were too few troops for post-war reconstruction and law & order. This is an easy thing to say with hindsight, and military commanders ALWAYS want more troops for the job.
Turkey's intransigence left the US forces a Heavy division under strength (20-30% more combat power). Crucially this should have been coming from the North, leaving escaping Baathists less room to destabilize Sunni areas, instead of steaming through the Suez Canal during the invasion phase. Another Division would have made a huge difference in the immediate aftermath in restoring order.
The US was wrong to disband the Iraqi army. This led to mass unemployment and the disaffection this brings.
The Western forces were lulled into a false sense of security by the Shi'a's joy at the fall of Saddam. The focus on DeBaathification and the concentration on Sunni extremists left the Shi'a militias time to organise - helped and aided, of course by Iran. The violence of Sunni extremists was expected. The civil war amongst the Shi'a was not.
The War has demonstrated the futility of combating Islamism by democracy. If Muslims, it appears, believe in "One man, One Vote, Once". In the Middle East, Islamism has won, and the "War on Terror" needs to be fought in that context. The sullen and surly peoples of the middle east hate us on a religious level, and that should prevent us from engaging any further bouts of liberal imperialism. The americans are right not to rule out punitive action, but I doubt whether we will be bringing the fruits of democracy to Muslims again any time soon. They aren't ready for it (yes the tiresome lefties were right - but only when they are being racist).
Democracy needs to develop. It cannot be imposed. Without a civil society, people vote how they're told to by the existing power structures - in Iraq tribal elders and clerics. The democratic process becomes a tribal head-count and is therefore meaningless. Better that the effort that went into elections went into creating the rule of Law first. Democracy is a means to an end - the end is freedom and the rule of Law. This can exist under many forms of government. Democracy is merely the best at sustaining it.
So what can the Western powers do now?
Well, we cannot pull out otherwise, before long Iraq will look like the Sudan and we're back to square one. Western forces need to maintain resolve and confront the worst excesses of the insurgency until the Iraqi forces can cope on their own.
So this war will not have a "victory". It will be long, unglamorous and tiresome. It will not be lost on the streets of Amarah or Baghdad, but in the opinion pages of the Leftist media. It is this that is sucking the political will to see the fight we are in (rightly or wrongly) through to its bitter end, and it helps no-one. The Robert Fisks of this world are potentially condemning an entire region to mediaeval barbarity because of their own knee-jerk anti Americanism.
America can "do" nothing, except wage the war and try to keep a lid on things in Iraq, until the Iraqis can do it themselves. Any other outcome is courting disaster. They can try to fight better and cleaner. No more Abu Grahibs. The media should (but won't) stop jumping on any minor transgression by British and American forces and blowing it out of all proportion. I'm not saying that wrongdoers shouldn't be exposed, but that the media shouldn't give the impression that they are gleefully hounding the military and indulging in schadenfreude each time they find something to exaggerate.
Glibly saying "I told you so" and comparing Bush unfavourably with Saddam says more about the Journalists and readership in question than it suggests to policy makers. It also is hurtful to the brave boys and girls on the ground - many of whom, if they were to offer an opinion were not in favour of the war, but accept that their duty is to their comrades, country and their service. The rights and wrongs are largely irrelevant now. The war is a long-term reality, just like northern Ireland and the Former Yugoslavia. Let's just get on with it.
The wider war on terror is more like the cold war. A long slow battle of ideas. Islamism really poses less of an existential threat than communism ever did, but is more likely to leave dead bodies in western cities. For this reason we must confront it at home and abroad with resolve. Iraq is now a cause celebre for Islamists.
So our forces will be in the middle east and central Asia for decades, whatever the Independant says. There will be no victory, but we cannot afford to lose. I'm afraid we're playing for the point.



















